Solanum lycopersicum and lycopersicon lycopersicum is an herbaceous annual in the family solanaceae grown for its edible fruit. Fungi are the most common cause of infectious plant diseases and can be very destructive. Leaf diseases like leaf spot, early blight and late blight cant be cured but they can be managed and even prevented. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Several tomato diseases and disorders cause leaf spots and fruit rots. As the result, few diseases that usually occurs in tomato plants such as late blight training 100, test 21, gray spot training 95, test 18 and bacterial canker training 90, test 21 are. Tomato disease and insect control manual with variety selection anthony carver extension agent grainger county 3 disease identification pictures taken from cornell university, rutgers university, a. The newly emerging leaves exhibit slight yellow colouration and later they also show curling symptoms. Rotate tomatoes so they grow in the same ground only every four years or so. Foliar diseases of tomato steve bost professor entomology and plant pathology early blight, also called alternaria leaf blight, is caused by the fungus alternaria solani.
In areas prone to bacterial diseases disinfect pruning knives with a commercial detergent e. Do not work in tomato fields when plants are wet to avoid the spread of diseases. Various fresh tomatoes are a hallmark of summer and a staple in many home gardens. The following information is about tomato pests and diseases that affect the tomato crop yield tomatoes are one of the most cultivated crops, tomato crops can be easily grown under proper conditions and regular maintenance. Some disorders are not caused by diseases, but are the result of cultural practices or environmental conditions. Limiting tomato residence time in dump tanks and flumes to less than 2 minutes, and minimizing contact of tomatoes in gondolas with large streams of water will reduce the potential for infiltration. Identification and management of tomato diseases is an important step in obtaining a successful tomato harvest. Tomato crops can host of production problems and pathogens when conditions and maintenance are not ideal. Following the successful first edition, this revised edition, contains 680 pages and 900 color photos and diagrams, covering every imaginable symptom, pest and disease affecting the tomato. This vitamin is an essential nutrient and antioxidant. Inspect fields regularly for pests, diseases, weeds, nutritional disorders, soil moisture and note scorched appearance of leaves and stems, general plant health.
Tomato disease identification growing tomatoes, tomato. Plants can be thriving one day, and shriveled and brown a few days later. Bacterial diseases that infect the tomato and their symptoms. Diseases of tomato plants concern every gardener whether they grow one plant in a pot or enough to can and freeze. Bacterial speck, early blight and bacterial canker are also. Some pests and diseases, described in the advice pages on the links below, can also cause leaf problems in tomatoes. The plant can be erect with short stems or vinelike with long, spreading stems. Several plant pathologyrelated terms are used in these descriptions. Common plant diseases and pests ndsu agriculture and. Here is a list of what you might see on and around your tomato plants. Septoria leaf spot, caused by the fungus septoria lycopersici, is the most common foliar disease of tomatoes in iowa. Tomato plants can develop disorders that distort plants and blemish fruits.
Tomato leaf and fruit diseases and disorders includes information on many of those listed plus others pdf kansas state university cooperative extension. Common diseases of tomatoes osu fact sheets oklahoma. It is important to catch any disease early, before it spreads to all of your tomato plants and possibly other plants in the same family, such as potatoes, eggplants, and peppers. Major insect pests and diseases of tomatoes and their. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of tomato rootstock in bacterial wilt management. Other tomato problems commonly encountered are physiological and do not spread from. This disease is transmitted by whitefly bemisia tabaci. These are physiological disorders problems that are caused by the growing conditions rather than by pests or diseases. Tomato is used for preventing cancer of the breast, bladder. Dark, irregular spots, often worse on younger leaves. As any product becomes increasingly important in the economic sector, any factor that will increase the efficiency of producing that product will usually be explored, including the impacts of bacterial diseases in tomatoes.
Tomato diseases and disorders tomatoes are the most widely grown vegetable in the u. Tomatoes are a good source of several vitamins and minerals. Tomato diseases and disorders diseases in outdoor production 3 anthracnose anthracnose, caused by the fungus colletotrichum coccodes, is probably the most common fruitattacking disease of tomato in iowa. This is an extremely important partnership between the tomato industry and ifas scientists. Use the photos and symptoms of the most common tomato diseases to identify your tomato plant problem and learn all about causes and treatments. In the fall, if you have had tomato plant disease problems or tomato pests of any kind, remove the entire plant. Managing bacterial diseases of tomato in the field may 2006 pest and disease identification and control for tomatoes. This is the definitive work on the diseases and disorders of the tomato, a worldwide crop of. The fruit is a familiar vegetable, but the fruit, leaf, and vine are used to make medicine. Tomato diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Generalized tomato plant adapted from plant pathology 4th edition by g.
Infection usually occurs on the lower leaves near the ground, after plants begin to set fruit. The guide addresses the key control methods and their rating in an idm system for the major disease from fungi, bacteria. Symptoms first become visible on ripe or ripening fruit as small, circular, indented spots. Diseases of tomatoes caused by bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are described in extension fact sheet epp7626. Tomato fruit problems, but preventing problems is usually easier than curing them. Fixed copper bactericides are currently the only effective registered control products for bacterial disease on tomatoes. The fungus causes a leaf blight and may cause seedling disease, collar rot, stem canker or fruit rot. Generally, good cultural practices that ensure consistent plant growth will reduce these types of disorders. Inappropriate levels of water, light, temperature and nutrients can all cause problems with leaves in tomatoes. Dark brown spots with broad yellow haloes appear on the leaves, and concentric. Viral diseases can negatively affect tomatoes by drastically reducing yield andor fruit quality. Tomato diseases and disorders uc master gardeners of nevada. Among the problems are infectious diseases of leaves, fruit.
Tomato pests and diseases, symptoms, control agri farming. So, here are ten strategies to help prevent diseases and other problems. There are too many tomato plant diseases to list in one article, but here are some of the most common. As tomato plants grow, keep an eye out for tomato pests and tomato plant diseases such as tomato wilt that may come in the form of fungi, bacteria, or viruses. This is no different for the tomato crop, as great efforts have been undertaken to not only to identify any. Identification and management of soilborne diseases of tomato. Pdf characteristics of tomato plant diseases a study.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Early blight is a common leaf spot caused by the fungus alternaria solani. However, bacterial speck populations in ontario have shown widespread resistance to copper, and in some areas of the us, bacterial spot has also developed resistance. This is a common disease of tomato occurring on the foliage at any stage of the growth. The stems are covered in coarse hairs and the leaves are arranged spirally. Tomato diseases are rarely fatal if you take management steps in a timely manner. Identification and control information each will open in a new window tomato diseases and disorders includes information on most of those listed pdf iowa state university extension. Common plant diseases and pests 0 what is plant disease. Moreover, this guide is by no means inclusive of every tomato disease. Noninfectious diseases of tomato are covered in extension fact sheet epp7627.
The fungal diseases septoria leaf spot and early blight are two of the most. Tomato disease identification key by affected plant part. Inspect fields regularly for pests, diseases, weeds, nutritional disorders, soil moisture and general plant health. Soilborne disease complexes, composed of two or more soilborne pathogens, may reduce yield and quality of tomato crops, particularly in longterm protected culture production. Tomato diseases and disorders missouri botanical garden. It is the most common disease of tomatoes in tennessee. It is one of the most devastating diseases of tomato. Foliar diseases of tomato university of tennessee system. Agrios 1997 as figure 11 published by academic press, san diego, ca, with permission from elsevier.
Several kinds of diseases can plague tomato plants. It is critical to start with diseasefree transplants because many infectious diseases may be car ried on tomato seed. Tomato production was hampered with various diseases in all the treatments although the aspirin treated plant t 1 and t 2 were free from few diseases. This destructive disease of tomato foliage, petioles and stems fruit is not infected is caused by the fungus septoria lycopersici. Septoria leaf spot is probably the most common foliar disease of fieldgrown tomatoes in the northeast. If you keep a close eye on your plants leaf health, watering status, and growth patterns, theres a good chance youll be able to catch the disease early to treat or eradicate it. Some diseases affect the foliage, while others attack the fruit. Late blight do not work in tomato fields when plants are wet to avoid spread of diseases. Growers who have grown tomatoes in a single location for several years may notice stunting, yellowing and reduced yields. Growing tomatoes tips fusarium wilt on tomatoes by american phytopathological society via tomato dirt tomato diseases. Tomato diseases fact sheet list cornell university. Tomato disease identification is easiest by comparing your problem to pictures and a list of symptoms.
We have worked together to identify the questions and needs for the industry. Diseases and symptoms this topic covers the information related to diseases and symptoms of tomato contents. Numerous small, circular spots with dark borders surrounding a beigecolored center appear on the older leaves. Bacterial wilt ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease of tomato that is quickly spreading and causing reduction in yield and income to farmers in kenya.
1044 146 372 107 42 483 16 1579 351 703 209 606 1296 787 56 1590 1159 904 578 1599 206 1622 742 55 638 309 1398 1274 1523 1453 405 1391 1178 86 802 1303 1217 507